Video super-resolution is one of the most popular tasks on mobile devices, being widely used for an automatic improvement of low-bitrate and low-resolution video streams. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem, they are usually quite computationally demanding, demonstrating low FPS rates and power efficiency on mobile devices. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an end-to-end real-time video super-resolution solution for mobile NPUs optimized for low energy consumption. The participants were provided with the REDS training dataset containing video sequences for a 4X video upscaling task. The runtime and power efficiency of all models was evaluated on the powerful MediaTek Dimensity 9000 platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating floating-point and quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 500 FPS rate and 0.2 [Watt / 30 FPS] power consumption. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.
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当由于数据隐私或传输限制而无法共享来自不同来源的数据时，常规的集中式深度学习范例是不可行的。为了解决这个问题，已经引入了联合学习，以通过非共享数据跨多个来源（客户）转移知识，同时优化了全球概括的中央模型（服务器）。现有的联合学习范式主要集中于在模型中转移整体高级知识（例如类），这些知识与感兴趣的特定对象密切相关，因此可能会遭受反向攻击。相比之下，在这项工作中，我们考虑转移对感兴趣的特定对象不敏感的中级语义知识（例如属性），因此更具有隐私性和可扩展性。为此，我们制定了一个新的联合零局学习（FZSL）范式，以通过非共享本地数据学习中级语义知识，并累积了全球概括的部署中心模型。为了提高模型判别能力，我们建议探索从外部知识中探索语义知识的增强，以丰富FZSL中的中级语义空间。对五个Zeroshot学习基准数据集进行的广泛实验验证了我们通过中级语义知识转移优化可通用联合学习模型的方法的有效性。
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深度神经网络的鲁棒性对于现代AI支持系统至关重要，应正式验证。在广泛的应用中采用了类似乙状结肠的神经网络。由于它们的非线性，通常会过度评估乙状结肠样激活功能，以进行有效的验证，这不可避免地引入了不精确度。已大量的努力致力于找到所谓的更紧密的近似值，以获得更精确的验证结果。但是，现有的紧密定义是启发式的，缺乏理论基础。我们对现有神经元的紧密表征进行了彻底的经验分析，并揭示它们仅在特定的神经网络上是优越的。然后，我们将网络紧密度的概念介绍为统一的紧密度定义，并表明计算网络紧密度是一个复杂的非convex优化问题。我们通过两个有效的，最紧密的近似值从不同的角度绕过复杂性。结果表明，我们在艺术状态下的方法实现了有希望的表现：（i）达到高达251.28％的改善，以提高认证的较低鲁棒性界限； （ii）在卷积网络上表现出更为精确的验证结果。
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用于对象检测的常规知识蒸馏（KD）方法主要集中于同质的教师学生探测器。但是，用于部署的轻质检测器的设计通常与高容量探测器显着不同。因此，我们研究了异构教师对之间的KD，以进行广泛的应用。我们观察到，异质KD（异核KD）的核心难度是由于不同优化的方式而导致异质探测器的主链特征之间的显着语义差距。常规的同质KD（HOMO-KD）方法遭受了这种差距的影响，并且很难直接获得异性KD的令人满意的性能。在本文中，我们提出了异助剂蒸馏（Head）框架，利用异质检测头作为助手来指导学生探测器的优化以减少此间隙。在头上，助手是一个额外的探测头，其建筑与学生骨干的老师负责人同质。因此，将异源KD转变为同性恋，从而可以从老师到学生的有效知识转移。此外，当训练有素的教师探测器不可用时，我们将头部扩展到一个无教师的头（TF-Head）框架。与当前检测KD方法相比，我们的方法已取得了显着改善。例如，在MS-COCO数据集上，TF-Head帮助R18视网膜实现33.9 MAP（+2.2），而Head将极限进一步推到36.2 MAP（+4.5）。
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在本文中，我们提出了双工对话，这是一种多型，多模式的口语对话系统，使基于电话的代理能够与人类这样的客户互动。我们在电信中使用全双工的概念来证明人类般的互动体验应该是什么以及如何通过三个子任务实现平稳的转弯：用户状态检测，后拨频选择和驳船检测。此外，我们建议使用多模式数据增强的半监督学习，以利用未标记的数据来增加模型的概括。三个子任务的实验结果表明，与基准相比，所提出的方法可实现一致的改进。我们将双工对话部署到阿里巴巴智能客户服务，并在生产中分享经验教训。在线A/B实验表明，所提出的系统可以将响应潜伏期显着降低50％。
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档案馆，文本学者和历史学家经常生产历史文件的数字版本。使用MARKUP方案（如文本编码计划和EPIDoC）的标记方案，这些数字版本通常会记录文档的语义区域（如票据和数字）和物理特征（例如页面和换行符）以及转录其文本内容。我们描述了利用这种语义标记的方法，作为培训和评估布局分析模型的远程监督。在实验中，在Deutsches TextArchiv（DTA）的半百万页上有几百万页的模型架构中，我们发现这些区域级评估方法具有像素级和单词级度量的高相关。我们讨论了提高自我培训准确性的可能性，以及在DTA上培训的模型培训的能力概括到其他历史印刷书籍。
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预先训练的模型已经证明是强大的增强面向任务的对话系统。但是，目前的预训练方法主要关注增强对话的理解和生成任务，同时忽略对话策略的开发。在本文中，我们提出了一个小说预先训练的对话模型，明确地通过半监督学习明确地从有限标记的对话框和大规模未标记的对话框中学习对话策略。具体而言，我们在预训练期间介绍一个对话框预测任务，以便在预训练中进行策略优化，并使用一致性正则化术语在未标记的对话的帮助下优化学习的表示。我们还实施了一个浇注机制来称量合适的未标记对话框样本。经验结果表明，星系大大提高了面向任务为导向的对话系统的性能，并在基准数据集中实现了新的最先进结果：车载，多种多纤2.0和多纺，改善其端到端合并分数2.5,5.3和5.5分。我们还显示Galaxy比各种低资源设置下的现有模型更强大的少量射击能力。
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Video action segmentation aims to slice the video into several action segments. Recently, timestamp supervision has received much attention due to lower annotation costs. We find the frames near the boundaries of action segments are in the transition region between two consecutive actions and have unclear semantics, which we call ambiguous intervals. Most existing methods iteratively generate pseudo-labels for all frames in each video to train the segmentation model. However, ambiguous intervals are more likely to be assigned with noisy and incorrect pseudo-labels, which leads to performance degradation. We propose a novel framework to train the model under timestamp supervision including the following two parts. First, pseudo-label ensembling generates pseudo-label sequences with ambiguous intervals, where the frames have no pseudo-labels. Second, iterative clustering iteratively propagates the pseudo-labels to the ambiguous intervals by clustering, and thus updates the pseudo-label sequences to train the model. We further introduce a clustering loss, which encourages the features of frames within the same action segment more compact. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our method.
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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are sensitive and susceptible to tiny perturbation by adversarial attacks which causes erroneous predictions. Various methods, including adversarial defense and uncertainty inference (UI), have been developed in recent years to overcome the adversarial attacks. In this paper, we propose a multi-head uncertainty inference (MH-UI) framework for detecting adversarial attack examples. We adopt a multi-head architecture with multiple prediction heads (i.e., classifiers) to obtain predictions from different depths in the DNNs and introduce shallow information for the UI. Using independent heads at different depths, the normalized predictions are assumed to follow the same Dirichlet distribution, and we estimate distribution parameter of it by moment matching. Cognitive uncertainty brought by the adversarial attacks will be reflected and amplified on the distribution. Experimental results show that the proposed MH-UI framework can outperform all the referred UI methods in the adversarial attack detection task with different settings.
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We present Pre-trained Machine Reader (PMR), a novel method to retrofit Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) into Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) models without acquiring labeled data. PMR is capable of resolving the discrepancy between model pre-training and downstream fine-tuning of existing PLMs, and provides a unified solver for tackling various extraction tasks. To achieve this, we construct a large volume of general-purpose and high-quality MRC-style training data with the help of Wikipedia hyperlinks and design a Wiki Anchor Extraction task to guide the MRC-style pre-training process. Although conceptually simple, PMR is particularly effective in solving extraction tasks including Extractive Question Answering and Named Entity Recognition, where it shows tremendous improvements over previous approaches especially under low-resource settings. Moreover, viewing sequence classification task as a special case of extraction task in our MRC formulation, PMR is even capable to extract high-quality rationales to explain the classification process, providing more explainability of the predictions.
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